[12] ARTICLES [Part 2 - THE]

THE - DEFINITE ARTICLE

(O/A/OS/AS)

eg.: The car that I bought is white. (quando há especificação)
eg.: People are individualist nowadays.
eg.: The people that I met at the party yesterday were very shy.

USAREMOS THE NOS SEGUINTES CASOS:
1. antes de nomes próprios que estejam designados à família.
eg.: The Millers / The Smiths

2. antes de nomes próprios compostos.
eg.: The USA / The United Kingdom / The Netherlands / The Republic of Ireland / The Dominician Republic / The Philippines

3. antes de arquipélagos (grupos de ilhas).
eg.: The Virgin Islands / The Bahamas  / The Canaries / The Canary Islands

BUT: individual islands do not use THE - Corfu / Sicil/ Bermuda 

4. antes de nomes de rios.
eg.: The Mississipi / The Amazon

5. antes de nomes de oceanos, mares, canais.
eg.: The Pacific / The Atlantic / The Indian Ocean / The Mediterranean Sea / The Red sea / The Suez Canal / The Panama canal

NOTE: on maps THE is not usually inclued in then name.

6. antes de instrumentos musicais.
eg.: I play the flute very well.

7. quando houver sentido de plural.
eg.: The rich / The poor / the blind / the young / the deaf / the sick / the disable / the unemployed / the injured / the homeless

8. THE + nationality words.
eg.: The French are famous for then food.
(The French people)

9. antes de superlativos.
eg.: He's the most interesting guy here.
eg.: He's the youngest here.

10. antes de coisas não rotineiras (the movies / the bank / the mall).
eg.: I hardly ever go to the movies.

11. the moon / the sky / the universe / the sun

12. antes de nomes de pessoas, países, ruas, cidades, quando estes nomes estiverem sendo usados como adjetivos para modificar algum substantivo.
eg.: The Chicago fore was a large one.

13. antes de substantivos de qualquer ordem quando relacionados especificamente a uma pessoa ou coisa.
eg.: The patient of my father.

14. antes de adjetivos quando estes equivalem a um substantivo no plural.
eg.: The rich frequently despise the poor.

15. antes de adjeticos ou advérbios no grau comparativo, nas expressões de comparação.
eg.: the more I see you, the more I want you.

16. antes de numerais ordinais.
eg.: Tom is the third man she gets married to.

17. antes de nomes de idiomas, quando saguidos da palavra LANGUAGE.
eg.:The English Language is very importanty in the world.

18. antes de nomes de navios.
eg.: The Queen is coming.

19. com expressões de tempo.
eg.: in the morning / in the afternoon / in the night / in the evening

20. antes de nomes de hotéis.
eg.: The Ritz is famous all over the world.
eg.: The Sheraton.

21. regiões.
eg.: The  Middle East / The North of France / The South of Italy / The west of Canada

BUT: do not use THE - northem, southern, western

22. montanhas ou cadeias de montanhas.
eg.: The Rocky Mountains / The Rockies / The Andes / The Alps

BUT: do not use THE in Individual Mountais - Everest, Fuji

NÃO USAREMOS THE:
1. antes de continentes.
eg.: Africa, America, ...

2. antes de países ou estados.
eg.: France, Japan, Germany, ...

3. antes de pronomes adjetivos.
eg.: My father was a especial person. (not The my father)

4. antes de Mr/Mrs/Ms.
eg.: Mr. Tom wants to talk to you right away.

5. antes de nomes próprios.
eg.: Stevie is a great guy.

[11] ARTICLES [Part 1 - A/AN]

INDEFINITE ARTICLE - A/AN

[ A - um/uma ]
Usaremos antes de:
1. consoante - a clock, a wristwatch
2. som de iu (you) - a useful name, a European, a university, a uniform
3. Y - a yellow submarine
4. W - a window
5. H pronounced - a house

[ AN - um/uma ]
Usaremos antes de:
1. vogal - an egg
2. H mudo - an hour, an honest guy,  an heir, an honor

AMBOS serão usados em:
1. antes de substantivos singulares que designam nacionalidade ou profissão.
eg.: He's  an engineer. / He's an Italian. / My uncle is a lawyer.

>> não usaremos a/an quando houver plural.
eg.: They are lawyers. / I want to buy eggs.

2. antes de numerais como dozen, hundred, thousand, million,... quando estes estiverem no plural.
eg.: The tailor spent a hundred dollars on the supermarket.
eg.: I want to buy a dozen bananas.

3. com a palavra HALF.
eg.: They stayed half an hour here.
eg.: I want a half sandwich.

4. antes de expressões de TEMPO e MEDIDA.
eg.: I go to the movies once a month.
eg.: I go to the bank once a week.
eg.: I travel twice a year.
eg.: She buys jens three times a year.
eg.: twenty cents a gallon.

5. quando designamos calças compridas, meias, botas, óculos, tesouras no sentido de um.
eg.: I want to buy a pair of scissors/a pair of pants/a pair of gloves/a pair of boots/a pair of glasses/a pair of jeans.

6.depois de WHAT em exclamação com o substantivo no singular.
eg.: What a wonderful night!
eg.: What an insteresting girl!

BUT: What impolite children! (no article = plural)

7. depois de QUITE ou RATHER, quando tais palavras precedem substantivos adjetivados.
eg.: It was quite a beautiful day. (bastante)

8. depois da palavra SUCH,  precedendo substantivos no singular isolados ou adjetivados.
eg.: I was in such a hurry.

9.  antes de LITTLE ou FEW, dando o mesmo sentido de SOME.
eg.: Woudln't you have a little salt? Sugar?

NÃO USAREMOS A/AN:

1. antes de substantivos plural.
eg.: tables, sisters, relatives, etc...

2. antes de substantivos incontáveis.
eg.: poverty, snow, sugar, milk, money, time, etc...

3. antes de substantivos.
progress, furniture, luggage, baggage, advice, knowledge, news, information, thunder, equipment, etc...

OBS.:
For lunch I had a sandwich and an aplle. The sandwich wasn't very good.
(Then speaker says A SANDWICH/AN APLLE, because that is the first time he talks about them / The speaker says THE SANDWICH, because the listener now knows which sandwich he had for lunch)

eg.: I cleaned the car yesterday. (a particular car, my car)
eg.: Do you have a car? (not a particular car)

{private = particular |  particular = algo epecífico }