sexta-feira, 15 de janeiro de 2016

Most frequently used Words of Connection! [Part II]

WORDS OF CONNECTION
(CONECTIVOS)

Words of transition, words of connection, logical connectors, transition devices, cohesive devices, linking words/devices, discourse markers ou connective adjuncts, são algumas das muitas expressões usadas para identificar este aspecto de grande relevância no estudo, não só do inglês, como de todas as línguas. São principalmente conjunções ou locuções conjuntivas, mas também advérbios, preposições, etc., que servem para estabelecer uma conexão lógica entre frases e elementos da ideia. Em português essas palavras são chamadas de articuladores, palavras conectivas ou elementos de coesão. O uso correto destas palavras confere solidez ao argumento e consequentemente elegância ao texto.

Ricardo Schütz
Primeira publicação: janeiro de 1998
Última atualização em 10 de janeiro de 2016
Abaixo segue uma lista mais abrangente de palavras e locuções conectivas só do inglês, agrupadas por tipo de ligação que estabelecem. Esta lista facilita a localização rápida do conectivo que se procura, sendo útil especialmente para alunos avançados que possuem boa familiaridade com o inglês escrito:

INTRODUCTION AND REFERENCE           
first of all
in reference to
in the first place
initially
on the other hand
regarding
speaking of
to begin with
to start with
with regard to
as referred to
(at) first
by the way
changing the subject
concerning
considering

AGREEMENT    
in accordance with
in agreement
in conformity
according to
as per

COMPARISON
in comparison (with)
in the same way
similarly
comparing
likewise

CONTRAST        
considering that
conversely
despite
even so
even though
for all that
for (my, his, ...) part
given that
however
in contrast
in (the) face of
in (the) light of
in spite of (that)
meanwhile
nevertheless
nonetheless
notwithstanding
on the other hand
still
then again
though
unlike
whereas
while
yet
after (all)
alternatively
although
as opposed to
at the same time
but
by contrast
by the same token

EMPHASIS         
even more
in any event
indeed
in particular
least of all
let alone
mainly
more important(ly)
most important(ly)
most of all
naturally
particularly
positively
primarily
principally
specifically
the basic cause
the chief factor
the key point
unquestionably
valuable to note
without a doubt
above all
a key feature
a major concern
definitely
especially (not)
especially significant

ADDITION          
both ... and
either ... or
equally important
further
furthermore
in addition (to)
indeed
jointly
last but not least
likewise
moreover
neither ... nor
next
not only ... but also
not to mention
not to speak of
on top of that
or
plus
similarly
together with
what's more
again
also
and (then)
as well as
at the same time
besides

ADDING A REMARK
incidentally
in fact
on the contrary
the truth is
as a matter of fact
as/on a side note
by the way

EXPLANATION OF CAUSE           
in view of
now that
on account of
since
that is because
as
as a result of
because (of)
due to
for
in order that

RESULT
for this reason
for which reason
hence
in short
so much (so) that
so that
such ... that
that is why
then
thereby
therefore
thus
accordingly
as a consequence
as a result
consequently

PURPOSE
in return for
so as to
so that
to
to the purpose of
to this end
with this in mind
with this purpose
in an effort to
in order that
in order to

TIME RELATIONSHIP     
now
nowadays
presently
shortly (after)
simultaneously
since
so far
soon
temporarily
then
thereafter
throughout
thereupon
until
up until now
while
yet at the same time
after a while
afterward(s)
as time goes by
at last
at present
at this point
currently
from now on
henceforth
immediately
in the meantime
lately
later
meanwhile

ORDERING        
second
secondly
third
following
next
then
later
after that
last
finally
first
firstly
first of all
in the first place

CIRCUMSTANCES
in my opinion
in terms of
in the midst of
on the part of
as a last resort
as a rule
from the standpoint of

ADDRESSING INFORMATION
for your information
to whom it may concern

ESTABLISHING A LIMIT
as far as I'm concerned
as far as I understand
as well as I know
for the time being
so far
as far as I can remember
as far as I can tell
as far as I know

CONDITION
if not
in case of
in case (that)
in the event of
in the event (that)
on condition that
only if
or (else)
otherwise
provided (that)
providing (that)
whether or not
as long as
even if
if

DISMISSAL
anyway
at any rate
in any case
whatever the case may be

EXCEPTION / EXCLUSION
apart from (that)
aside from
except for
not ... yet
other than that
unless

EXAMPLE
including
in particular
in this case
in this manner
namely
such as
take the case of
that is
the following example
to illustrate
for example
for instance
in another case

SUBSTITUTION / PREFERENCE
in place of
instead of
rather (than)
in exchange for

REITERATION / REFORMULATION
as I have said
I mean
in other words
more simply
or rather
that is
to put it another way

CONCLUSION
so
therefore
for this reason

GENERALIZING
by and large
essentially
for the most part
generally
generally speaking
in general
on the whole
overall
all in all
as a rule
basically

INTERMEDIATING
hereby
this way
through (which)
by
by means of

CONCESSION
at the same time
granted that
I admit
it may appear that
naturally
of course
after all
although it is true that
although this may be true

EVIDENCE
indeed
it's no wonder
naturally
needless to say
obviously
of course
without question
without a doubt
as you (anyone) can see
certainly
evidently

CONCLUSION / SUMMARY
in short
in summary
last(ly)
on the whole
overall
therefore
to conclude
to summarize
to sum up
after all
all in all
all things considered
as we have seen
at last
finally
in brief

in conclusion

Fonte: Site SK.com.br

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