Observation Class [September 23rd, 2017] PC1 (Review)

Source: https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-notepad-sign-fashion-marketing-wooden-background-image70357272

Photo: https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/notepad-sign-fashion-marketing-wooden-background-70357272.jpg

01. [ cognitive - free - placebo - decaffinated - jittery ]
a. I usually get jittery when I drink a lot of coffee.
b. I believe caffeine improves memory and cognitive abilities.
c. I prefer caffeibe-free drinks and decaffinated coffee.

eg.: the placebo effects

02. [influence] [exert - use - fall under - lose - have ]
a. Football players exert an infuence on young boy.
b. Politians are always using their influence to get some advantages.
c. People fall under the influence of advertising, even if they do not notice it.

03. Fashion
- retro
- fashionable
- conventional
- designer labels
- trendy

04. Marketing
- market share
- competitors
- target audience
- brand image
- sales pitch

DISCUSS ABOUT... - How do companies build a strong brand identity?
- How important are designer labels for you?
- How would you describe your fashion style?

- Brands enhance your sense of belonging.
- Adverts are always effective ways of persuading people to buy.
- Viral campaigns are very effective ways to sell a product.

"Whether people like it or not, my marketing thought is if you keep something in front of people for too long they get used to it."

[Shahrukh Khan]

"Marketing is what you do when your product is no good."

[Edwin Land]

Observation Class [June 24th, 2017] IS DUE TO

-- VARIATIONS --

You may vary the activities:
01. Celebrating Christmas
02. Having out of your parent home
03. Getting married
----- -----
[page 44]number 02]

01. something that will happen soon
>> + Infinitive
is due to
is about to

>> + Noun or verb + ing
on the point of
on the verge of
on the brink of

02. something that will certainly happen
>> + Infinitive
is due to
is sure to
is set to
is bound to
is certain to
is to
----- -----
[page 44/number 03]

By 2050 Africa, Southern Asia and Eastern Asia are bound to reach 62% of the earth's population.
(a) It will happen soon.
(b) It will certainly happen.
(c) It's less certain to happen.

01.
I'm sure there will be electrons next year. [certain]
There are certain to be electrons next year.

02.
The schedule says that the president will arrive here at 5pm. [set]
The president is set to arrive here at 5pm.

03.
Eating organic food will be a trend for some time. [bound]
Eating organic food is bound to be a trend for some time.

04.
The new pens will arrive very shortly. [point]
The new pens are on the point of arriving very shortly.

05.
The trial shall take place on 23 May. [due]
The trial is due to take place on 23 May.

06.
I think I'm going to turn down that job. [verge]
I think I'm on the verge of turning down that job.

07.
Life might not be so different in 2050. [unlikely]
Life is unlikely to be so different in 2050.

Observation Class [June 17th, 2017] Words

- grimy: covered in dirt/dirty

- squat: half sit, with legs bent

- pristine: very cleam

- snooozing: sleep for a short time

- softly lit: where lights are not very bright

- exquisite: of special beauty or charm

- stunted: undersized, small

Observation Class [July 01st, 2017] Things people do in streets or in buildings

[page 49]
- mugging: an attack in a public place in which money, etc is stolen from someone.
Verb: to mug - mugged - mugging
Assalto

- burglary: the crime of getting into a building illegally and stealing things
Burglar - Burgle - Burglarize
Roubo

- vandalism: the crime of intentionally damaging things in public places.
vandal - vandalize
Vandalismo

- riots: angry, violent behaviour by a crowd of people.
Tumultos

- pick-pocketing: someone who steals things from people's pockets.

- squatting:
to squat: to live in a empty building without the owner's permission.
squatter

- writing graffiti: pichação
Eg.: grafite >> graffiti artist

- busking:
To busk: to perform music in apublic place to get money from people walking post.

- robbery:
to robb - robber
roubo

- protest marches: marchas de protestos

- shoplifting: the crime of stealing things from a shop.
to shoplift - shoplifter

- street trading: comércio de rua
to trade: to buy and sell goods or srvious, specially between countries.

- hooliganism: hooliganismo

- begging:

- demonstrations: passeatas

- sleeping rough: to live and sleep outside because you have nowhere else to live.

- gang warfare: briga de gangues.

Observation Class [July 01st, 2017] Space - Cities and Buildings

Source: http://thelifestylelibrary.com/the-best-uk-spa-hotel-stays/

Photo: http://thelifestylelibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/gilpin-spa-traveller-5-24jun13-pr_b_1080x720-1000x667.jpg

[page 46]
- full of people: overcrowded
- left empty: abandoned
- improvised: makeshift
- existing outside: open-air
- unstable: precarious
- used for a limited time: provisional
- a piece of land rented for cultivation: allotment
- protection: refuge
- uninhabited and usually undesirable land that has no owner: no-man's land
----- -----
-- Cities --
- restful: tranquilo, sossegado (Positive)
- desolate: desolado, deserto (Negative)
- bustling: movimentado, agitado, barulhento (Positive)

-- Buildings --
- ramshackble: em ruínas (Negative)

-- Both --
- quaint: singular, estranho, algo velho mas que é admirável (Positive)
- run-down: área degradada (Negative)
- glitzy: altamente ostentativo, exuberante (Positive)
- picturesque: pitoresca (Positive)
- soulless: desumano (Negative)
- seedy: gasto, aparência sem graça (Negative)
----- -----
-- Collocations -- [page 47/number 06]
- property developers
- urban dwellers
- urban space
- public space
- city developers
- city dwellers
- basic needs
- living organism
- living space

Eg1.: dwellers: habitantes
Eg2.: developers: construtoras
----- -----
Eg1.: In some areas of the city the public space is occuped by restaurant tables.
Eg2.: I think urban planning in some Brazilian cities is chaotic.
Eg3.: Most city dwellers nowadays waste long hours in traffic.

Observation Class [May 27th, 2017] Collocations & Learning a Language

Source: https://faceukenglishclub.wordpress.com/2014/10/05/o-que-sao-collocations/

Photo: https://faceukenglishclub.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/collocations31.png

I.
01. It's extremely/highly questionable.
02. I'm fully aware of it.
Eg.:I'm fully aware they're alive.
Estou ciente de que estão vivos.
> Example taken from site http://context.reverso.net/traducao/ingles-portugues/I%27m+fully+aware

03. The book is extremely disappointing.
04. They are generally happy at work.
05. It's practially impossible to do that.
----- -----
II.
01. vividly remember
02. strongly agree/believe
03. thoroughly enjoy/regret - completamente
04. deeply regret
05. entirely agree
----- -----
III.
01. I vividly remember...
02. ...'s intentions/quality are/is highly/extremely questionable.
03. I'm fully aware of...
04. I deeply regret...
05. I strongly believe that...
----- -----

Source: http://chapadesigner3d.blogspot.com.br/2015/07/capa-de-dvd-avatar.html

Photo: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRbM8YXW9Nw4n2UfQDq7LOi5dFNr9nOKd2zsOP5P73TE7SFwXbYKRUe6sf2cnogPZtWOZ8RlzS4h5Ur7-7RRZc_e1D3rD2i0uvmoj-_L-RccQ1B7goNOcFTTPQPRISghBU7gGEze4Hzm0/s1600/Capa+De+Dvd+Avatar+By+Chapa+Designer.jpg

IV. When we are talking about films, books (for instance):
[[ SIMPRE PRESENT and PRESENT CONTINUOUS ]]

01. This book tells (telll) us the story of... >>> summarizing the plot
02. Ann is walking (walk) home alone when... >>> creating a sense of immediacy
03. It is (be) a brilliant film that... >>> expressing an opinion
----- -----
V. A BOOK/FILM/PLAY YOU DID NOT LIKE
01. It's a(n) obscure/well-known book/film
02. It's an account of... >>> É um relato de...
03. It didn't mean anything to me because...
04. I vividly remeber reading/seeing it and being absolutely...
05. I was depressed by how...

Talk about:
> the plot
> a character
> the atmosphere
> how you felt
> the effect on you
----- -----
VI. LEARNING A LANGUAGE
01. It's all around you, you hear it all the time. >>> To be immersed in a language
02. To get familiarized after hearing a language for some time. >>> To be exposed to
03. To speak well enough to do things in daily life. >>> To get by
04. When you start to use the language more fluently. >>> To get to grip with
05. To start learning a language. >>> to take up

Eg.: to grip: agarrar/compreender

06.
Travelling helps you learn a language because it's all around you.
Travelling helps you learn a language because you're immersed in it.

07.
I learned a bit of Greek in my trip.
I picked up a bit of Greek in my trip.

08.
I don't speak Spanish very well, but I know the language enough to survive.
I don't have a good command of Spanish but I can get by.

09.
The problem is that they don't speak the same language.
The problem is the language barrier.
----- -----
VII. [page28/number 04]
01. to get to grips with: lidar com
02. to get by: se virar
03. exposure to: exposto a
04. express myself: expressar-me
05. being immersed in
06. have a basic conversation
07. to take up
----- -----
VIII.
01. Importance of English for you
02. What has helped you
03. Your difficulties
04. Other languages

Observation Class [May 20th, 2017] Literature

Source: http://theedge.com.hk/ib-english-blog-language-literature-v-literature/

Picture: http://theedge.com.hk/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Language-and-literature.png

- What's the book about?
- What made an impression on him?
- Did he read it again later in life?
- Was is he same?
----- -----
GENRE [page 26]
- best-seller
- fiction
- humour
- autobiography
- self-help guide
- current affairs: atualidades
- adventure
----- -----
- a daring book: um livro ousado
- a book that was a struggle to read: difícil de ler
- a book that has ben formative for you: contribuiu para algo

Mention:
- What the book is about
- Why you decided to read it
- Who you would recommend this book to
----- -----
COLLOCATIONS/BOOKS AND FILMS:
- an obscure book
- an account of an attempt to reach the North Pole
- an emornously long/detailed book
- it really meant a lot of me
- I vividly remember reading it and being absolutely fascinated
- I was depressed by now boring it was
----- -----
- to appeal to: apelar para
- to look up: procurar
- to make out
- to opt for: optar por
- to rely on: confiar em
- to succeed in: ter sucesso em
- to be lacking in: faltar em

Observation Class [May 20th, 2017] Skill, Ability & Talent

Source: https://www.thebalance.com/list-of-the-best-skills-for-resumes-2062422

Picture: https://fthmb.tqn.com/i61xJGosa565GvNTR8hbgnNYMpo=/768x0/filters:no_upscale()/about/iStock_000059517630Large-56b098205f9b58b7d024451a.jpg

DESCRIBING SKILL AND ABILITY [page 22]
- She seems to have a real talent for learning...
- We need someone who has acquired skills in running...
- ... they do have this ability to win the match...

[or]

- She is talented learning...
- We need someone who is skilled in running...
- They are capable...

SKILLS & TALENTS [page 22/number 02]
Talent: real, natural, considerable
Skills: leardership, academic, basic, computer, technical, intellectual

VOCABULARY [page 23/number 01]
- application for
- specialty in
- relevant (+noun)
- accustomed to
- personal skills
- to became familiar with
- aptitude for
- on challenges that
- my future career
- don't hesitate to
- to lie in
- I am available for

- Yours sincerely
Eg.: "Dear Raphael...", "Madam Larissa..."

- Yours faithfully
Eg.: "With best wishes..."

EXTRA VOCABULARY
- background: fundo
- MBA: Master of Business Administration
- enclosed: anexo
- to enclose: anexar/incluir
- attached: em anexo
- to attach: anexar
- to hone: aperfeiçoar
- to take on: assumir
- to enhance: realçar
- enhanced: melhorada
- ear: orelha
- to earn: ganhar

Observation Class [May 13rd, 2017] Meeting (Love & Job)

Source: http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2012/01/19/top-ten-most-ridiculous-comments-heard-at-an-iep-meeting/

Picture: http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Meeting-3.jpg

HOW WE MET [page 19/number 01]

What VERBS TENSES (CLICK HERE!) are used to...
01. ... set the scene of the story? PAST PROGRESSIVE
02. ... describe actions in progress at a specific time in the past? PAST PROGRESSIVE
03. ... describe the story's main events? PAST SIMPLE
04. ... clarify that one event happened before another? PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

MEETING SOMEONE IMPORTANT FOR YOU [page 19/number 02]
- He/She was
- We... and then...
- and since then...
- We have tons in common. We both...

EXTRA VOCABULARY
- criteria: critério
- to match: combinar
- to send out: enviar
- to exchange: trocar
- to fill (in): preencher
- established: estabelecido
- fondly: com carinho/afetuosamente
- ethos: caráter
- to vary: variar
- to log on: entrar
- to aim: mirar/apontar
- to mingle: misturar
- at ease: à vontade
- to appear: aparecer
- to appeal: apelar
- likewise: da mesma forma

Observation Class [May 06th, 2017] Adapting to a new culture

Link: https://www.tes.com/lessons/RYPGi3u5PeLmfw/what-is-culture

Photo: http://dfwhcfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Cultural-and-linguistic-competence-in-Patient-care_Sushma-Sharma-1.jpg

ADAPTING TO A NEW CULTURE:
- to be/feel accepted: ser/sentir-se aceito
- an outsider: um estranho
- to adapt: adaptar-se
- to fit in: caber/ambientar-se
- to miss: perder/faltar/sentir falta
- get used to: acostumar-se a
- (to be) nasty: (ser) desagradável
- welcoming: acolhido
- expats: expatriados

CULTURE:
- physical appearance
- music
- sports
- language
- religion
- food
- family/moral values

EXTRA VOCABULARY:
- to adapt: adaptar-se
- to adopt: adotar/seguir/aceitar/admitir/abraçar princípios